• Calendars (by L. E. Doggett, from P. Kenneth Seidelmann (ed.) Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac (University Science Books, Sausalito))
• Calendars (early)
• Calendars (more links)
• Calendars through the Ages (Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement (IDEA))
• Islamic Date Converter
• ’Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars’ (on calendars past and present - Claus Tøndering)
• The History of the Western Calendar (with links)
• Perpetual Easter Calculator: Julian/Gregorian Easter Sunday and Jewish Passover (from the 6th century onwards - Robert H. van Gent)

Early epochs (ancient & medieval)

• Pre-history
• Bible Maps
• Classical World
• Medieval Maps

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• Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe (WWW-VL)
• see also Web articles: Themes ('Ancient World')
• ’Mapping the Past (brief notes on the Nebra Sky Disc, Nippur Map Tablet, Goldmine Papyrus, Han Dynasty map, Forma Urbis Romae, and various indigenous maps: Daniel Weiss for Archaeology, May/June 2019)

Pre-history:

• Prehistoric mapping. 'Prehistoric and early historic maps in Europe: Conception of Cd-Atlas' (pdf article by Alexander Wolodtschenko & Thomas Forner, in: e-Perimetron, 2:2 (Spring 2007), pp. 114-16)

Bible maps:

• Biblia Sacra (an ongoing project to document and reproduce the bibles printed in the Netherlands and Belgium, 1477-1553, including some maps)
• John Senex, Sacred geography, contained in six maps (1716) (images of the title-page and the maps [except no.3] - Lawrence Miller)
• ‘Mapping the Bible’ (an exhibition, curated by Reinout Klaarenbeekat, for the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 22 June-31 August 2022)
• 'Maps and Geography in Biblical Studies' (links to early & historical maps, satellite images, etc., some interactive - David Instone-Brewer, Tyndale Tech blogspot, 22 April 2008)
• for illustrations to Bible maps see Web articles: Themes ('Art & Cartography')

Classical world:

• Ancient World (links - active April 1994 - July, 2005)
• Ancient World Mapping Center (Chapel Hill) (includes general news, Barrington Atlas Updates and the 'AWMC Placename Inventory'; they also run the 'awmc-announce list')
• Ancient World.‘¿Está en Cádiz el mapa más antiguo del mundo?’ (about an article by Vicente Moreno García-Mansilla (Universidad de Cádiz) suggesting that an image of a row of dots may be a representation of the Cadiz region) {May, 2023}
• ASOR Map Collections (modern maps of the historical Middle East, North Africa and Mediterranean world)
• Bibliotheca Classica Selecta - Bibliographie d'orientation - Géographie (good links, including a bibliography of 'Histoire de la géographie et de la cartographie' and another on Arpentage and Centuriation)
• 'Geographia Antiqua'
• Late Antiquity (a series of (mostly) footnoted articles about the cartography and context of the Madaba Map - for further Madaba links see Web Articles: Asia)
• Perseus Atlas project
• Peutinger Table/Tabula Peutingeriana see under that heading on the Themes page of the Images or Texts section
• Portraits of Ptolemy see also Web articles: People ('Ptolemy')
• Ptolemy's Geography - Index of Places (Bill Thayer)
• Roman globes - see Web articles: Themes ('Globes')
• Some Maps of the Roman Empire (Bill Thayer)
• Sorin Olteanu's Thraco-Daco-Moesian Languages Project (TDML) (including partial Greek and Latin texts from ancient geographies)
• see also Web articles: Themes ('Ancient World'), Related Subjects ('Historical Maps') and under Places (below)
• see also the WWW-VL History: Central Catalogue

Medieval maps:

• 'Bestiaire médiéval' (an online exhibition of medieval animals, many fanciful [see 'Les animaux fabuleux'] - Bibliothèque nationale de France)
• Bibliography on mappaemundi and early printed world maps (A. Gow & J. Pekacz)
• 'Cartography and Code: Incorporating Automation in the Exploration of Medieval Mappaemundi' (describing and demonstrating 'veccompare', a digital tool for comparing text, e.g. toponymy; an online article by Heather Wacha & Jacob Levernier, in Digital Medievalist, 12(1) (2019))
• 'Encyclopédies Médiévales' (annotated links on medieval text and image sources, including sections on Pierre d'Ailly, Isidore, Vincent of Beauvais, etc. - Marie-Christine Duchenne)
• The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources (Netserf), including 'Map Collections'
• Internet Medieval Sourcebook: Maps and Images
• 'Maps: the Medieval Association of Place and Space' ('a Forum for Scholarly Study of Travel Writing, Cartography, Medieval Others, and Ideas about Place and Space')
• Medieval cartography (a guide to resources and activities by Emmanuelle Vagnon, partly in French and with French emphasis)
• 'Michael of Rhodes: a medieval mariner and his manuscripts' (a study of the Venetian sailor Michalli da Ruodo (fl. 1401-45) - Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence [formerly Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology])
• ORB: the online reference book for medieval studies
• Time chart of medieval cartography [with 'Index of Cartographic Images Illustrating Maps of the Early Medieval Period 400-1300 A.D.'- Jim Siebold]
• see also the WWW-VL History: Central Catalogue
• see also Web articles: Themes (e.g., 'Medieval'), Related Subjects ('Historical Maps') and also under Places (below)

Illustrative elements on maps

• Animals. 'Bestiaire médiéval' (an online exhibition of medieval animals, many fanciful [see 'Les animaux fabuleux'] - Bibliothèque nationale de France)
• Art & Cartography - see under that heading on Web articles - Themes
• + ‘The Art of Discovery’ (an online exhibition, created in 2011 by Renee Keul, based on one of 1992, illustrated with high res. scans, at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine)
• Cannibals. ‘From Alterity to Allegory: Depictions of Cannibalism on Early European Maps of the New World’ (by James Walker - Phillips Map Society Occasional Paper 9, 2015)
• 'Cartouches. Frames that Speak: Cartouches on Early Maps' (Chet Van Duzer, published by Brill 2023)
• 'Cartouches, or Decorative Map Titles' (scans of 50 examples, 1703-1852, from the David Rumsey collection)
• Colour. 'The Geography of Colorants (including 'A Brief History of Color in Maps', an online exhibition in 2015, a collaboration between the University of Michigan Library (Stephen S. Clark Library) and Melissa Zagorski)
• Colour. 'Des mots et des couleurs: la mer Rouge sur les cartes médiévales' (a 5-page article by Dominique Donadieu-Rigaut, illustrated with medieval world maps, in textimage No.2 Cartes et Plans (Summer 2008))
• Colour, see also 'Printing methods'
• Compass Roses and Origins of the Compass Rose Symbology (Bill Thoen)
• Wind roses. ‘La rosa de los vientos en nuestros mapas’ (an analysis, in Spanish, of wind or compass roses found on nautical charts, with a number of examples - GIS & Beers, 27 January 2018)
• Costume (historical - Braun & Schneider, c.1861-80) and The Costume Page: Costuming Resources Online (Julie Zetterberg) also Costume History (Tara Maginnis)
• The Costume Site: Online Costuming Sources for Historical, Science Fiction & Fantasy Costumers
• Flags of the World and World Flag Database
• 'Going for Baroque: The Iconography of the Ornamental Map' (illustrative details from 18 maps, which can be seen entire and enlarged - online exhibition in Harvard Map Collection, 2011)
• Heraldry links (Will Linden)
• Héraldique européenne (a wide-ranging site, with historical information (in French) and heraldic illustrations arranged, e.g., by place or person)
• Illusions. ‘Look But Don't Touch: Tactile Illusions on Maps’ (an online exhibition from October 2017, featuring 35 maps with trompe l’oeil elements, e.g. as if an inset was on a separate sheet with curling edges – Harvard University Map Collection)
• Imagery Search (enter a keyword, e.g., ‘mermaid’ or ‘four elements’, to retrieve a selection of details - Osher Map Library)
• International Civic Arms ('the largest website on civic heraldry', with historical notes - Ralf Hartemink)
• + ‘Maps, Myths, and Monsters: Decorative Imagery on Maps’ (exhibition, illustrated with high res. scans, at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, May-June 1994)
• ‘The Map Myth of Here Be Dragons’ (Caitlin Dempsey, GIS Lounge, 21 October 2012)
• Where Be "Here be Dragons"? Ubi sunt "Hic sunt dracones"? (Erin Blake). See also the Wikipedia article
• Saints
• Sea monsters. ‘Cartographer Olaus Magnus' Map of Sea Monsters’ (an illustrated note by Jeffrey S. Murray for Fine Books & Collections, Spring 2022)
• Sea Monsters (illustrated commentary by Michon Scott, October 2013)
• Sea monsters. 'Map Monster Mondays' (Boston Public Library, Leventhal Map Center)
• Ships. 'Early Modern Ship-types, 1450-1650' (commentary on six slides by Roger Smith, 1986 - Newberry Library Slide Set #6)
• Ships (early Portuguese)
• Ships, dragons, fishes, etc
• Trees. 'Map Symbols: Trees & Forests on Old Russian Maps' (examples from Liudmila Andreevna Shaposhnikova, Izobrazhenie lesa na kartakh (Moscow, 1957) - John Krygier's blog, 'Making Maps: DIY Cartography')
• see also under Pictures

Measuring and defining space

• Distance
• Longitude, Latitude and Prime Meridians
• Map Projections
• Mountains
• Scale

• Magnetic Declination Estimated Value (you must supply coordinates and date of interest)
• GIS Tools Online (includes length and area conversions, scale calulator, etc. - Bureau of Economic Geology, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin)
• History of Mathematics (links from FIZ Karlsruhe)
• The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive - History Topics Index (longitude, astronomy, ancient Greeks, etc. - a marvellous site, with numerous biographies, including a number involved in cartography - see the index of subjects)
• Mesures et répresentations (a series of illustrated pdf pages, in French, dealing with: measuring and representing the earth, the astrolabe, measuring a meridian and longitude/latitude, distance of the earth to the moon and sun - Bibliothèque nationale de France)
• 'Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture' (the section on Mathematics, including illustrated chapters on 'Greek Mathematics and its Modern Heirs', 'Ptolemy's Geography' and 'Greek Astronomy'; from the Library of Congress 1993 exhibit)

Distance:

• Distances
• Surface Distance Between Two Points of Latitude and Longitude - Great Circle Distances Between Cities

• 'A History of the International Date Line' (Robert H. van Gent)
• Longitude and Latitude (of 256,536 towns)
• Map orientation. 'The Bishop and the Antipodes' (arguing for the part played by the 8th-century Virgil of Salzburg in promoting a south orientation - Deborah Taylor-Pearce)
• 'Parallel Meridians: Diffusion and Change in Early-Modern Oceanic Reckoning' (a 27-page pdf article examining the history of the prime meridian - A.R.T. Jonkers, 2003).

Map Projections:

• 'Bibliography of Map Projections' (200-page PDF file - John P. Snyder and Harry Steward, 1997).
• Map Projections: A Working Manual (John P. Snyder, USGS, 1987 - a pdf of the entire 385-page book)
• Map Projections. B/W PDF Graphics Optimized for 'Printing' from the Browser (aiming 'to present on-line, as complete a collection as possible, historical published map projections' - currently 317 pdf outlines, with the date of the original but no notes - Paul B. Anderson)
• Map Projections (mathematical formulae)
• Map Projections. ’detectproj’ (100 projections can be identified and their characteristics recognised)
• Map Projections (relating particularly to Croatia - Miljenko Lapaine)
• Map Projection Essentials (Daan Strebe)
• Map Projection Home Page (Karen Mulcahy, Hunter College, 1997)
• Map projection overview (Peter Dana)
• Matching the Map Projection to the Need
• Picture Gallery of Map Projections (Hans Havlicek)
• Projections (various online articles, e.g. on Qibla and medieval maps, by Waldo Tobler)
• see also under 'Web articles - Themes'

Mountains:

• Mountains. Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia (over 1700 peaks, with date first climbed)

Scale:

• Cross-Cultural Historic Units of Measurement (Chuck Meide)
• A Dictionary of Units [of Measurement] (by Frank Tapson)
• A Dictionary of Units of Measurement (Russ Rowlett, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
• ’Map Scale’ (‘MCG Toolbox’: April Carlucci, Tinho da Cruz and Anne Taylor, for the British Cartographic Society)
• OnLine Conversion.com (by entering ‘1’ into the quantity box you can see what conversion rate is being used; some early units varied widely - Robert Fogt)
• Scale Buddy (mapsinternational.co.uk)
• 'Scales, Distances, Triangulation, Projections, Grids, Latitude and Longitude' (Cambridge University Library)
• Scales. 'Chequered Scales - Change in Consciousness?'

Miscellaneous

• Cartifacts
• Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination
• Games & Jigsaws
• Literary maps
• Modern myths

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• cartografie.pagina.nl (see the sections, Geofictie! and Fantasie en cartografie, for links to literary and imaginary cartography - Ko Allewijn)
• 'A guide to unusual maps on the Web' (links relating to many of the categories below - Bill Thoen)
• ’Pictorial Maps of Love and Marriage on Valentine’s Day’ (Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collections Online), 14 February 2022)
• 'Theme Maps (Fanta "Z")' (i.e. Literature, Love & Marriage, Utopia - part of the 'First X, Then Y, Now Z: Landmark Thematic Maps' exhibition at the Princeton University Library, curated by John Delaney, August 2012-February 2013)

Cartifacts:

• Ceramic. 'An early map of Japan on a Porcelain Plate' (reissue of an illustrated article by Rodney W. Shirley in The Map Collector 20 (September 1982) - Kunstpedia)
• Ties. 'Cartocravatia, or the Disease of Collecting Map Ties' (by Leonard A. Rothman - Occasional Paper 12 of the California Map Society, 2013, with an associated 'Gallery' [originally published in The Portolan, Journal of the Washington Map Society, 71 (2008)])

Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination:

• Strange Maps (a blog by Frank Jacobs, started in September 2006, of imaginative or fake cartographic occurrences through the ages - reached No. 563, May 2012). [See also his Opionator blog, 'Borderlines: Forbidden Zones', in the New York Times, since October 2011]
• 'ALEPH': Geographical Fun Atlas [see also below: 'Caricature maps. Lilian Lancaster']
• ‘Allegorical Maps of Love, Courtship, and Matrimony’ (unsigned notes on 14 illustrated maps – The Public Domain Review)
• Anthropomorphic maps
• Anthropomorphic maps (post by Izzy Cohen to the Humanist discussion group, reproduced on 'Map History at IPRH'
• Anthropomorphic maps (see the long comment by Israel "izzy" Cohen, to a post entitled 'Tactile Maps and Imaginary Geographies' - Middle Savagery blog)
• Anthropomorphic maps. ’Maps as People: Anthropomorphic Maps’ (Rebecca Maxwell, Geo Lounge, 20 February 2014)
• Caricature maps. 'Asia on the World' (about caricature maps relating particularly to China and Japan, and others generally - BibliOdyssey blog, 13 May 2008)
• Caricature maps. 'Bringing the map to life: European satirical maps, 1845-1945' (five maps described and illustrated by Roderick Barron, for the 6th International BIMCC Conference, 16 November 2007)
• Caricature maps. 'Cartoon maps' (Bodleian Library, Oxford, 4 June 2015)
• Caricature maps. 'Comic Cartography: The witty world of cartoon maps' (by Jeffrey S. Murray in Fine Books & Collections, June 2011)
• Caricature maps. 'Dogs of War. Satirical Maps of the First World War' (10 maps with their original or explanatory texts - BibliOdyssey, 3 August 2008)
• Caricature maps. 'Early modern caricature maps' (from the Map Room blog, 7 June 2011, with links to earlier related postings)
• Caricature maps. 'Europa Agonistes: Maps of States of Agitation' (12 maps 'showing an animorphization of battlefield Europa', 1870-1914 - JF PtakScience Books, 17 June 2013)
• Caricature maps. 'Europe Satirical Maps' (16 maps, mostly unsourced - Zoom Maps)
• Caricature maps. 'Kaartencollectie' (this retrieves 18 'Karikaturen' maps, enlargeable to very high res. with Zoomify - Bibliotheek van de Universiteit van Amsterdam)
• Caricature maps. 'Lilian Lancaster [Tennant], 1852-1939. Victorian pantomime artiste and humorous map maker' (a note by Roderick Barron about the author of Geographical Fun, Humorous Outlines of Various Countries (1869)) {December, 2009}. See also illustrations of those maps - also Here - as well as under Aleph above, and, more generally, the Barron site for caricature maps.
• Caricature maps. ‘Lilian Lancaster's hand-drawn maps on display’ (an illustrated note on the British Library ‘Maps & Views Blog’, 20 January 2017)
• Caricature maps. ‘The Monsters of Maps’: A Video About Caricature Maps (a 10- minute YouTube video by Richard Tilney-Bassett, 11 May 2020)
• Caricature maps. ‘Politics personified: Fred W. Rose and Liberal & Tory serio-comic maps, 1887-80 – Part 1’ (Roderick M. Barron, 11 March 2016). See also ’The Bookhunter on Safari’ (Laurence Worms' blog, 18 December 2014)
• Caricature maps. Propaganda. 'U-boats and octopuses collide in these WWI propaganda maps' (nine maps illustrated and discussed, courtesy of Barron Maps - Ella Morton, Atlas Obscura, 31 August 2015)
• Caricature maps. ‘Satirical cartography: a century of American humor in twisted maps’ (Strange Maps, 19 April 2022)
• Caricature maps. 'Satirical Maps. An Incomplete Evolution of the Cartoon Political Map (a dozen high resolution images, from different sources - BibliOdyssey blog). [Also here; for another version see Satirische kaarten van Groot-Brittannië en Europa - Studiekring Historische Cartografie blog]
• Caricature maps. Satirical Maps. 'The Curious Map Book' (Ashley Baynton-Williams, British Library, Maps & Views blog; see also an illustrated extract from the book)
• Caricature maps. Satirical maps (a small but growing collection from Maps on the Web)
• Caricature maps. ‘Satirical maps of the world’ (notes by Tom Harper on 12 enlargeable examples – British Library)
• Cartographic curiosities. The French Pimpernel. 'An intriguing late 18th century mystery of map authorship finally solved: the French "Pimpernel" is at last unveiled . (about the 'Oak Tree' map of France, published in London in 1796 - read for the denouement! - Roderick Barron's blog, 9 April 2024)
• Cartographic curiosities (Yale University Library); and their other curiosities page
• Cartographic curiosities. '21 Bizarre Maps That Depict Nations As Animals, People, and Monsters' (Attila Nagy)
• Pictorial maps see under that heading in the Themes section of the Web Images pages. For biographical notes on individual artists, search the People page, or better still the Barron Maps Blog, under 'Categories' (lower right)
• Propaganda maps see under that heading in the Themes section of the Web Images pages.
• 'The Upsidedown Map Page: It needn't be a Eurocentric world' (illustrating 5 modern maps and the 1550 Desceliers chart, with comments and links relating to maps not oriented to north and with Europe in the middle - Francis Irving)
• For curiosities see also under that heading in the Themes section of the Web Articles page
• Utopia see in the Themes section of the Web Articles page
• see the issues of 'Map Forum'

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Imaginary geography & fantasy maps:

• 'Andere Kaarten' (the fictitious work of seven mapmakers working in antique styles)
• 'La Carte de Tendre' (illustrating the 1654 map by Madeleine de Scudéry - Claude Filteau, in Dutch)
• 'Discovering the moral world: early forms of map allegory' (Franz Reitinger - Mercator's World 4:4, 1999)
• Fairyland (about Bernard Sleigh's map and others; on Matthew Edney's Mapping as Process blog, 12 September 2023)
• Fantasy atlases (by Nyerges Tibor, in Hungarian, illustrating seven 'curiosities')
• Fantasy map (bibliographical). ‘Bücherland. ‘A Journey to Bookland’ (Alfons Woelfle’s fantasy map with bookish toponymy; an illustrated note by Susan Reed, British Library Magnificent Maps blog, 22 September 2016)
• Fantasy maps. ‘What is a fantasy map?’ (Tom Harper discusses and illustrates old and modern examples appearing in the British Library’s exhibition ‘Maps and the 20th Century: Drawing the Line’- British Library, Maps blog) {December, 2016}
• 'Here Be Cartographers: Reading the Fantasy Map' (an illustrated piece by Nicholas Tam, 18 April 2011)
• 'Hidden, Revealed or Imagined: Fiction, Paranormal, Prophecy' (part of Matthew White's 'Links to Historical Maps on other Sites')
• Imaginary. 'Cap sur les territoires de l’imaginaire…' (brief, illustrated overview of 'imaginary cartography', by Gilles Palsky & Fabrice Argounès - exhibition at the Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de la Sorbonne, Sept.-Nov. 2015)
• Imaginary. 'Mapas imaginarios de mundos reales' (by Carla Lois, 29 June 2015)
• 'Imaginary Maps in Literature and Beyond: Introduction' (Hannah Stahl, Library of Congress Maps blog, 25 May 2016 - running up to 30 August 2016)
• 'Imaginary Places' archives (links from The Map Room weblog - to June 2011)
• 'Legendary Lands: Umberto Eco on the Greatest Maps of Imaginary Places and Why They Appeal to Us' (an introduction by Maria Popova for Brain Pickings, of The Book of Legendary Lands by Umberto Eco & Alastair McEwen (2013), with 11 good illustrations)
• 'Matrimonial maps chart the delights and perils of marriage' (eight maps from Barron Maps, with commentary - Ella Morton, Atlas Obscura, 10 August 2015)
• 'Notes on writing and drawing maps of fictional worlds' (Austin Kleon blog, 21 May 2008, with further examples from others)
• Schnebelins Schlaraffenlandkarte (enlarged details, full list of place-names and description (in German) by Hans Zotter of the Homann curiosity of 1716, a map of Schlaraffenland, or Fool's Paradise)
• ’Some Critical Essays on Maps in Speculative Fiction and Fantasy’ (links from Jonathan Crowe, The Map Room, 14 June 2022
• 'Unusual and Imaginary Maps' (links by Robert Sathrum, Humboldt State University Library, Arcata, California)
• 'You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination' (seven of the maps, plus commentary, from the Princeton Architectural Press book by Katharine Harmon, 2004 - George Glazer Gallery)

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Myths and misconceptions:

• 'The age of unreason: cartographic blunders of the 15th and 16th centuries' (Derek Nelson - Mercator's World, 3:3, 1998)
• Cartographic errors. ‘The lie of the land: when map makers get it wrong – in pictures’ (a small selection from The Phantom Atlas: the Greatest Myths, Lies and Blunders on Maps - Edward Brooke-Hiching, The Guardian, 16 November 2016)
• 'How Good Cartographers Make Big Mistakes: The River of the West in Bellin’s 1743 Map of North America' (Kevin Brown in the Geographicus blog, 19 March 2013)
• 'Illusions, Confusions and Delusions: Mythical Geography in Antique Maps'
• 'Map-Making Misconceptions and the Quest for a Water Route to Asia through the Great Lakes' (illustrated commentary by Jack H. Haymond, 1997, on six maps - Newberry Library Slide Set #22)
• Mythical islands. Frisland. ‘How to Put a Fake Island on the Map’ (‘Frisland never existed, but for centuries, people wanted to believe that it did’ – Genevieve Carlton, Atlas Obscura, 4 December 2017)
• Mythical islands. Frisland. 'Frisland & other Zeno Brothers' mythical lands' (Philadelphia Print Shop) {November, 2001}
• Mythical Places (brief, illustrated notes on Atlantis, Atlantic Islands, Prester John, Thule, 7448 Islands, etc.)
• Northwest Passage: Imaginary Voyages (a section in John Delaney's 2004 Princeton exhibition)
• ‘Paradise in Africa: The History of a Geographical Myth from its Origins in Medieval Thought to its Gradual Demise in Early Modern Europe’ (Francesc Relaño, in: Terrae Incognitae 36 (2004), 1-11)
• 'Teguayo, Great Salt Lake, and Atzlatan' (about the legendary lake shown from the mid-17th century - Kevin Brown, Geographicus blog, 29 August 2010)
• 'Theoretical Cartography and the Sea of the West or Mer de l’Ouest' (illustrated note on the Geographicus Antique Map blog, 29 June 2009)

Games & Jigsaws:

• Carto-Maine-ia exhibition (featuring jigsaw puzzles, games, etc. - Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education)
• Festival of Maps ('a list of websites offering fun and games with maps', mostly relating to the US, a few historical - reprinted from Base Line, a newsletter of the Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association, 28, 3 (June 2007))
• ’Game Maps’ (jigsaw puzzles, playing cards, and board games illustrated and described - Crouch Rare Books)
• Games. ‘The Maps We Play…’ (‘an in- depth look at the topic of cartographic games’ by Matthew Edney, November 2020, based on material in the volumes of The History of Cartography)
• 'Giochi dell'Oca' [the game of Goose] (select 'Archivio giochi', then 'geografia' under Category, for descriptions (in Italian) and scans of board-games involving maps or quasi-maps - Luigi Ciompi and Adrian Seville)
• History of Jigsaw Puzzles (leading to Jigsaw Puzzles Based on Maps (mostly recent)
• Jigsaw maps (select 'English Puzzles' and 'Map Puzzles' for some small illustrations), and see also 'Who Invented the Jigsaw Puzzle?' (a well-researched account - icollectpuzzles, 3 July 2009)
• Jigsaw Puzzles (includes notes on early jigsaw maps - Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games, University of Waterloo)
• Jigsaw Puzzles. 'A Brief History of Dissected Maps, the Earliest Jigsaw Puzzles' (Joe McAlhany, Old World Auctions)
• Jigsaw Puzzles. Library of Congress. Dissected maps (downloaded images of 20 map jigsaw puzzles, 18th & 19th century; see also These 18th- and 19th-Century “Dissected Maps” Were the First Jigsaw Puzzles, by Rebecca Onion, Slate Vault, 4 November 2015)
• Map Games (Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games, University of Waterloo)
• Map Games. ‘Race for the Gold: Map Games of the Klondike Gold Rush’ (an illustrated note by Julie Stoner for the Library of Congress maps blog, 7 May 2020)
• Old Jigsaw Puzzles (select 'Examples' - Bob Armstrong)
• Online map games (GIS and map enthusiasts can "fly through and interact with late 1800s maps of California's most scenic and dynamic landscapes: Yosemite Valley, Lake Tahoe, and Los Angeles. A 3D mosaic of Lewis and Clark's legendary early 1800s expedition of the Western territory of the U. S. is also included" - David Rumsey)
• Playing cards. ‘Highlights of The WCMPC Collection: Standard Cards’ (arranged by type – Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards)
• Puzzle and Game Maps (images from various acknowledged sources, with commentary; a good round-up of map games and dissected maps, with a list of links at the end - by Pecay on BibliOdyssey, 24 August 2009)

Literary maps:

• 'Clark Library Literary Maps (online exhibition at the Clark Library, broken down by theme, area or author, curated by Lisa Lorenzo and Corinne Vieracker, 2014, with sample enlargeable illustrations [pointing out the useful Library of Congress search term, 'Literary Landmarks'] - Stephen S. Clark Library, University of Michigan)
• (e)space & fiction (a blog "about maps and other spatial machineries used in fiction: novels, movies, paintings, music, comics, art works " - bilingual, English & French)
• Fantasy Atlas (a selection of fantasy and literary maps)
• ’How Writers Map Their Imaginary Worlds’ (illustrated commentary by Sarah Laskow on The Writer’s Map, edited by Huw Lewis-Jones - Atlas Obscura, 22 October 2018)
• Jules Verne. 'The maps from the Voyages Extraordinaires' (scans of 44 of the 52 maps - Garmt de Vries)
• 'Literary Landscapes: Maps from Fiction' (40 literary maps exhibited at Boston Public Library, February-October 2015, of which 23 are reproduced online)
• Literary Maps. 'Language of the Land: Journeys into Literary America' (featuring 'literary maps' of the US by modern artists - Library of Congress exhibition, 2000, by Martha Hopkins and Michael Buscher)
Literary Maps: see also Images of early maps on the web ('Themes') and Web articles (in both cases, under that heading)
• Literature and Maps: Image and Text' (an interesting, if confusing, site [being rebuilt] with groups of. images detached from their explanatory text; also follow up the list of links: 'Political maps...Petruccelli's maps' - Chris Mullen, 'The visual telling of stories: a database dedicated to the study of the narrative in visual form')
• Map Quotations
• 'Maps in literature' (a series of about 20 'Map Quotation of the Month' entries (up to 2004); Stanfords Maps and Books, London - Newsletter)
• Maps in Science Fiction (Jonathan Crowe announcing an article in the New York Review of Science Fiction)
• Quixote. 'Los mapas del Quijote' (an extended note by Carmen Líter, Biblioteca Nacional de España, about the cartography of Cervantes's Don Quixote; click Exposición for an index of thumbnails to the 2005 exhibition)
• Shakespeare. ‘View Maps: The Times and Places of Shakespeare’ (24 contemporary maps, enlargeable to high res. - Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine)

Modern myths:

• ’Ancient Maps’ (Piri Reis, Hapgood, etc. - Doug Weller’s ‘Archaeological/Skeptical Resources’ site)
• 'Bad Archaeology: leave your common sense behind' (select 'Old maps' for comments on the Reis, Finnaeus and Buache maps; or search the site for 'maps' - Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews and James Doeser)
• 'The Flat Earth: a Detailed Study of Personal Bias and Historical Thinking' (including 'The Confusion Surrounding Christopher Columbus', 'Entertaining Maps Relevant to the Discussion', etc. - Ethical Atheist)
• Gavin Menzies and the claims for a 1421 Chinese discovery of America, see The '1421' myth exposed; and 'The "Liu/Menzies" world map: a critique' (pdf article by Geoff Wade, in: e-Perimetron, 2:4 (Autumn, 2007), pp. 270-7)
• The Hall of Ma'at (an antidote to the wilder speculative theories, see Papers)
• 'Modern Medieval Map Myths: The Flat World, Ancient Sea-Kings, and Dragons' (Michael Livingston - StrangeHorizons.com)
• Piri Reis see Web Articles: People
• Science, Pseudoscience, and Irrationalism (critical examination of the theories surrounding the Piri Reis map, the 1418 Chinese world map, and Menzies's claims about the '1421' map - Steven Dutch)

People

• Lives, the Biography Resource
  
• Biography.com
  
• see Family History resources
• "Mapmakers" of the Ryhiner-Collection (brief notes on 2,200 people)
• 'Famous Mapmakers' (summary biographical notes - Béatrice Loeb-Larocque)
• Kartografer, kartgravörer, karttryckare, kartutgivare och karthandlare (brief biographical notes on those associated with cartography from various countries, taken from various sources, in Swedish)
• The Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) (brief biographical entries on 200,000 artists, with bibliographical citations; useful for artist-mapmakers - J. Paul Getty Trust)

Regional:

• Austrian: AEIOU Österreich-Lexikon (14,000 entries, including some cartographers)
• Canadian: Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Croatian Cartographers (select 'About Cartography' for notes on 40 individuals, in English, by Miljenko Lapaine and Ivka Kljajic)
• Dutch: ’Repertorium van Nederlandse Kaartmakers 1500-1900’ (a 230-page dictionary of Dutch mapmakers, giving brief details on 2000 individuals, in PDF format, by Marijke Donkersloot-de Vrij, 2003)
• Dutch: Important Dutch Map Makers (Paulus Swaen Old Maps and Prints)
• German: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (the full text of the German-language biographical dictionary, which is being updated)
• UK: Dictionary of National Biography (scans and some transcriptions of the original edition, 1885-1900)
• UK: 'Exeter working papers in British book trade history' (bibliographies, for the British Isles, London, Devon and the South-West, leading to some detailed listings with biographical details of publishers, etc., mostly covering the 18th and early 19th centuries - Ian Maxted)
• UK: 'Historical Directories: Searchable Digital Library' (‘local and trade directories for England and Wales, from 1750 to 1919’; hits highlighted on enlargeable pages - University of Leicester)

Specialist:

• Brief Biographies of Roman Catholic figures (New Advent Website)

Portraits:

• Portraits of Ptolemy

• see also under Encyclopedias and, for printed sources, under Biographical Dictionaries
• see also under Web articles - People for sites devoted to individuals

Pictures

• 'Art and Mapping' (Special Issue of Cartographic Perspectives, 53 (Winter 2006), edited by Denis Wood and John Krygier, with a 'Catalogue of Map Artists' by Denis Wood)
• Art, Images, and Clip Art on the Internet
• 'Maps and Cliparts' (a selection of early maps)<
• Ships, dragons, fishes, etc
• Map related gifts (Philadelphia Print Shop)
• see also Web images, Illustrative elements (above)

Places

Historical:

• Ancient Places in Pleiades (based on 'the cataloged places of the Barrington Atlas', edited by Richard J.A. Talbert - on which see the relevant webpage of Princeton University Press)
• Ptolemy's Geography - Index of Places (Bill Thayer)
• ’Latin Place Names’ (in printed book imprints pre-1801 – RBMS/BSC))
• Orbis Latinus (Graesse's 1909 dictionary of medieval and later names, in its 1972 version, edited by H. & S.-C. Plechl, provided in three sections by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich; another version can be found, again courtesy of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, broken down into sections: A-D; E-M; N-Z; although you can select on the first two letters [which may cover 30 or so pages], it does not seem possible to search for a specific word)
• Periplus (names from a 14th century portolan chart)
• Lippincott's pronouncing gazetteer [of the world] (Philadelphia, 1856) ("Containing a notice and the pronunciation of the names of nearly one hundred thousand places...Edited by J. Thomas, and T. Baldwin"; the complete, searchable, 218-page text - ‘Making of America’, University of Michigan Digital Library Text Collections)
• Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet. 'Maps, Gazetteers & Geographical Information' (see, for Gazetteers and Place Names, under: General Resource Sites; Local Boundary Resources; National Geographic Information)

Modern:

• Alexandria Digital Library Project: Gazetteer Development (with 5.9 million geographic names)
• Geographical names, worldwide - NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) (over 5 million names)
• Getty's Thesaurus of Geographical Names (TGN) (2 million names, with an emphasis on art and architecture, including brief historical and other details)
• Global Gazetteer (almost 3 million towns, arranged by country - Falling Rain Genomics)
• NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) ('the official repository of standard spellings of all foreign place names, sanctioned by the United States Board on Geographic Names')